Pre-shipment workforce & partners
Packer
Stock / warehouse holder
- Related to transport, some transporters do packing
- Wooden boxes, isotherm, extra wadding…
- All packaging to be according to Global Standard for Packaging and Packaging Materials (Fr. CIGE (Certificat International de Garantie des emballages))
Stock / warehouse holder
- Own or leased warehouse, space, but must be properly insured
- On behalf of importers or exporters
- Free stock or bonded warehouse
Shipment related workforce & partners
All modes of transport
Commissioner
Freight forwarder
Grouping agent / Consolidator
Integrator
Sea haulier
IATA Air freight agent
Road haulier
Rail haulier
Commissioner
- Organises, conceives, takes care of transport from on point to another. Intermediary
- Commissioned by a company
- Legally responsible for sub-contractors
- Legal obligation for results
Freight forwarder
- “Forwards” an order for freight, linking agent
- Organises pick up from one place and delivery to another
- Only obliged to provide means
- Same as “mandatory”
Grouping agent / Consolidator
- Holds warehouses/platforms for collection, handling, repacking, split, organisation, loading, shipping of merchandise (small loads to full loads)
- Allows costs cuts
- Logistical corridors
Integrator
- Forwarder and transporter
- Deal with all aspects without sub-contracting
- DHL, UPS, FedEx
Sea haulier
- Ship owner
- Represents the interests of sea liners, commercialisation of regular lines, or affreightment, organises the stops, loadings, issues the BL
IATA Air freight agent
- IATA – International Air Transport Association
- Collect freight, loads ULD
- Issues AWB
- May issue invoice for services (depending on Incoterm)
Road haulier
- CMR signed haulier, with own or leased trucks
- FTL, LTL, consolidating
- Since 1993, free exercise/set-up in EU
- France 1st country in terms of traffic in Europe
Rail haulier
- Loading onto rail
- Shipment
Post-shipment workforce & partners
CUSTOMS
Customs broker
Import tax collector
IMPORTS & LOCAL SALES
Local / Foreign fiscal representative
Payment receiver / collector
OTHERS
Insurer
Consultant
Customs broker
- To declare and clear goods and services for import & export on behalf of a company
- Forwards payment to the authorities => although can be outsourced to a import tax collector
- Some liability in case of fraud, or false declaration
- Directly linked to a national customs system
Import tax collector
- Calculates on CIP/CIF basis excise and taxes for the authorities
- Collects from either seller/buyer => transfers to the authorities
IMPORTS & LOCAL SALES
Local / Foreign fiscal representative
- When sales made on DDP basis, collects VAT and excise/tariffs on behalf of company and forwards it to the authorities
- Allows local declaration of turnover, payment of taxes
Payment receiver / collector
- When cash on delivery or against documents
- Usually forwarder
OTHERS
Insurer
- Depending on the chosen incoterm => either for seller or buyer
- Ad valorem of merchandise
- Mandatory for traffic => civil liability
- Usually freight forwarder works as a broker
- Must be aligned to the London Insurance
- Pay either each time, abonnement, feed policy
Consultant
- Inform of partners => external supply chain
- Inform of transit times, lead times => time needed
- Inform of quotes, costs => export price
- Inform of administration, insurance, external obligations => export documents